IEEE in-text citation guide
IEEE in-text citations are numbers in square brackets, e.g. [1], placed inside the sentence before the punctuation. Numbers follow the order in which you first cite each source, and a source keeps its number every time you cite it again.
| Situation | IEEE in-text |
|---|---|
| One source | as shown in [1]. |
| Several sources | [2], [5], [7] |
| A range | [4]–[7] |
| A page | [3, p. 12] |
| As a noun | In [3], the authors show… |
| Naming the author | Shannon [1] proved… |
Make the IEEE reference that goes with it
Paste a DOI, or type the details. The in-text marker appears under the reference.
IEEE
C. E. Shannon, “A Mathematical Theory of Communication,” Bell Syst. Tech. J., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 379–423, Jul. 1948, doi: 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x.
In-text
[1]Questions about IEEE in-text citations
Does the IEEE bracket go before or after the full stop?
Before. The citation belongs to the sentence: “…channel capacity [1].”
Can I write “in reference [3]”?
IEEE prefers “in [3]”. You do not need the word reference.
How do I cite the same source twice in IEEE?
Reuse its original number. Do not give it a new one or use ibid.