AMA in-text citation guide
AMA in-text citations are superscript Arabic numerals, numbered in the order you first cite each source. They go outside full stops and commas but inside colons and semicolons, e.g. “…improved survival.¹”
| Situation | AMA in-text |
|---|---|
| One source | reduced mortality.¹ |
| Several sources | mortality.¹,³,⁷ |
| A range | mortality.²⁻⁵ |
| A page | mortality.¹⁽ᵖ³⁴⁾ |
| Naming the author | As Horby et al² reported… |
| Before a colon | two outcomes³: |
Make the AMA reference that goes with it
Paste a DOI, or type the details. The in-text marker appears under the reference.
AMA 11
RECOVERY Collaborative Group. Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(8):693-704. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2021436
In-text
¹Questions about AMA in-text citations
Does the AMA superscript go before or after the period?
After. AMA places superscript numbers outside periods and commas, inside colons and semicolons.
How do I cite a page number in AMA in-text?
Put it in parentheses after the superscript number, also superscript: ¹⁽ᵖ³⁴⁾.
Do I use “et al” in AMA running text?
Yes, for three or more authors name the first author and write “et al” (no full stop in AMA).