Turabian citation generator
Kate Turabian’s student version of the Chicago Manual of Style. Each source gets a full footnote the first time, a short note afterwards, and an entry in the bibliography.
Kahneman, Daniel. Thinking, Fast and Slow. London: Allen Lane, 2011.
Short note: Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow.Anatomy of a Turabian / Chicago reference
Pick an example, then tap any part of the reference to see the rule behind it.
. . .
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Turabian / Chicago rules at a glance
| System | Footnotes/endnotes + bibliography (notes-bibliography). Chicago also has an author-date system. |
|---|---|
| First note | Full: Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (London: Allen Lane, 2011), 20. |
| Short note | Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow, 25. |
| Bibliography | Kahneman, Daniel. Thinking, Fast and Slow. London: Allen Lane, 2011. |
| Authors | Four or more: first author et al. in notes; list up to ten in the bibliography. |
| Ibid. | Chicago 17 discourages ibid. in favour of short notes; Turabian still allows it. |
Turabian / Chicago in-text citations
- Superscript note number at the end of the clause, after punctuation.¹
- The first note for a source is full; later notes use the short form: author’s surname, short title, page.
- Toggle “Footnote form” in the generator to switch between the note and the bibliography entry.
Ask about Turabian / Chicago
Answers are AI-generated from the published style rules and can be wrong. Check your journal’s or school’s author guidelines for house variations.
Turabian / Chicago examples
Real works, formatted by the generator above.
Book
Kahneman, Daniel. Thinking, Fast and Slow. London: Allen Lane, 2011.
Journal article
Shannon, Claude E. “A Mathematical Theory of Communication.” Bell System Technical Journal 27, no. 3 (July 1948): 379–423. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x.
Book with edition
Atkins, Peter, Julio de Paula, and James Keeler. Atkins' Physical Chemistry. 11th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
Web page
World Health Organization. “Hypertension.” World Health Organization. Last modified March 16, 2023. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension.
Court case
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966).
Source types supported here: Journal article, Book, Book chapter, Conference paper, Web page, Report / standard, Thesis, Court case.
Turabian / Chicago citation questions
What is the difference between Turabian and Chicago?
Turabian is Chicago simplified for students writing papers and theses. The citations are the same; Turabian leaves out publishing-industry detail and adds guidance on formatting papers.
How do I write a Turabian footnote?
Author’s full name, Title (Place: Publisher, Year), page. — e.g. Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (London: Allen Lane, 2011), 20.
Can I use Chicago author-date instead?
Yes, if your instructor allows it. Author-date is closer to Harvard: (Kahneman 2011, 20) in the text and a reference list at the end. The Harvard generator gives a close equivalent, but punctuation differs slightly.